#APACHE ANT MANUAL PDF FULL#
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Good design and modularization of build files can improve readability but not necessarily reduce size. The build files of large or complex projects can become unmanageably large. This complexity can be a barrier to learning.

Ant build files, which are written in XML, can be complex and verbose, as they are hierarchical, partly ordered, and pervasively cross-linked.

( September 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.

Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. This section possibly contains original research. In an Ant build file the same goal would be accomplished using a built-in command: Microsoft Windows, for example, would use: Rm is a Unix-specific command unavailable in some other environments. In a Makefile this would typically be done with the command: For example, in the sample build.xml file above, the clean target deletes the classes directory and everything in it. Ant provides built-in functionality that is designed to behave the same on all platforms. Compared to Make, Ant uses less platform-specific shell commands.

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Īnt was designed to be more portable than Make. It is most commonly used with Windows, Linux, macOS and other Unix operating systems but has also been used on other platforms such as OS/2, OpenVMS, Solaris, HP-UX.

#APACHE ANT MANUAL PDF FULL#

,, , ), by trying to execute the task on a system without the underlying program on the path, or without a full Java Development Kit (JDK) installed.Īnt is intended to work with all systems for which Java runtimes are available. They use Ant's own and tasks to set up the command lines, and handle all the details of mapping from information in the build file to the program's arguments and interpreting the return value. Many Ant tasks delegate their work to external programs, either native or Java. This detail is not relevant to most end users, who just get the JAR they wanted, with the files they asked for. This Ant task has the same name as the common Java command-line utility, JAR, but is really a call to the Ant program's built-in JAR/ZIP file support. These perform a similar task to the command-line utilities of the same name.Īnother task used in this example is named jar: Therefore, the tasks used are mkdir and javac. For example, to build the compile target Ant must first create a directory called classes (which Ant will do only if it does not already exist) and then invoke the Java compiler.

Within each target are the actions that Ant must take to build that target these are performed using built-in tasks. This tells Ant that before it can start the jar target it must first complete the compile target. The jar target lists the compile target as a dependency. It defines four targets - clean, clobber, compile and jar, each of which has an associated description. Example īelow is listed a sample build.xml file for a simple Java 'Hello, world' application. NET Framework, EJB, and filesystem manipulations. Other task extensions exist for Perforce. Ī implements tasks and types for networking, Swing user interfaces, JSON processing and other. The WOProject extensions allow WebObjects developers to use ant in building their frameworks and apps, instead of using Apple's Xcode suite.Īntcontrib provides a collection of tasks such as conditional statements and operations on properties as well as other useful tasks. Once this is done, these task extensions can be invoked directly in the typical build.xml file. These extensions are installed by copying their. WOProject-Ant is just one of many examples of a task extension written for Ant.

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Gradle, which is similar software, was created in 2008, which in contrary uses groovy (and a few other languages) code instead of XML. In 2004 Apache created a new tool with a similar purpose called Maven. Because Ant made it trivial to integrate JUnit tests with the build process, Ant allowed developers to adopt test-driven development and extreme programming. For example, most open source Java developers included build.xml files with their distribution. Īt one time (2002), Ant was the build tool used by most Java development projects.

Several proposals for an Ant version 2 have been made, such as AntEater by James Duncan Davidson, Myrmidon by Peter Donald Īnd Mutant by Conor MacNeill, none of which were able to find large acceptance with the developer community. Ant (version 1.1) was officially released as a stand-alone product on July 19, 2000. A proprietary version of Make was used to build it on the Solaris platform, but in the open-source world, there was no way of controlling which platform was used to build Tomcat so Ant was created as a simple platform-independent tool to build Tomcat from directives in an XML 'build file'. Ant ('Another Neat Tool') was conceived by James Duncan Davidson while preparing Sun Microsystems's reference JSP and Servlet engine, later Apache Tomcat, for release as open-source.

Apache ant manual pdf